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For example, a 2 MiB ESP will only be able to support FAT12: In which case, format it to FAT16 or even FAT12. See mkfs.fat(8) for supported cluster sizes.įor partitions smaller than 32 MiB using FAT32 may not be possible. or -s1 otherwise the partition may be unreadable by UEFI.

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If you get the message WARNING: Not enough clusters for a 32 bit FAT! and you cannot create a larger ESP, reduce cluster size with mkfs.fat -s2 -F32. Use the mkfs.fat(8) utility from dosfstools: To prevent potential issues with other operating systems and since the UEFI specification says that UEFI 'encompasses the use of FAT32 for a system partition, and FAT12 or FAT16 for removable media', it is recommended to use FAT32.

The UEFI specification mandates support for the FAT12, FAT16, and FAT32 file systems (see UEFI specification version 2.10, section 13.3.1.1), but any conformant vendor can optionally add support for additional file systems for example, the firmware in Apple Macs supports the HFS+ file system.

GNU Parted: Create a primary partition with fat32 as the file system type and set the esp flag on it.

fdisk: Create a primary partition and and use the t command to change its partition type to EFI (FAT-12/16/32).

See also Partitioning#Choosing between GPT and MBR for the limits of MBR and the advantages of GPT in general.ĮFI system partition on a Master Boot Record partition table is identified by the partition type ID EF.Ĭhoose one of the following methods to create an ESP for a MBR partitioned disk:

bootctl does not support installing systemd-boot to an MBR partitioned disk see systemd issue 1125.

Some firmware might not support UEFI/MBR booting due to it not being supported by Windows Setup.

Warning: It is highly recommended to use GPT instead of MBR. Proceed to the #Format the partition section below.

GNU Parted: Create a partition with fat32 as the file system type and set the esp flag on it.Īfter creating the partition, it should be formatted with a file system.

gdisk: Create a partition with partition type EF00.

fdisk: Create a partition and use the t command to change its partition type to EFI System.

If none of these are relevant issues, the partition size can be as small as 2 MiB, in which case it could house nothing more than a boot loader.ĮFI system partition on a GUID Partition Table is identified by the partition type GUID C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B.Ĭhoose one of the following methods to create an ESP for a GPT partitioned disk:.

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If you plan to install multiple kernels and either mount the partition to /boot or pack the kernels in unified kernel images, you can use 1 GiB to be on the safe side.

To ensure the partition can be formatted to FAT32, it should be at least 36 MiB on drives with 512 byte logical sector size and 260 MiB on drives with 4096 logical sector size.

For early and/or buggy UEFI implementations the size of at least 512 MiB might be needed.

To confirm this is the ESP, mount it and check whether it contains a directory named EFI, if it does this is definitely the ESP.

The list of partitions on the disk: Look for the EFI system partition in the list, it is usually at least 100 MiB in size and has the type EFI System or EFI (FAT-12/16/32).

The disk's partition table: it indicates Disklabel type: gpt if the partition table is GPT or Disklabel type: dos if it is MBR.

To find out the disk partition scheme and the system partition, use fdisk as root on the disk you want to boot from:

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If you are installing Arch Linux on an UEFI-capable computer with an installed operating system, like Windows 10 for example, it is very likely that you already have an EFI system partition.

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The EFI system partition (also called ESP) is an OS independent partition that acts as the storage place for the UEFI boot loaders, applications and drivers to be launched by the UEFI firmware.